In the City of Las Piñas, City Councilor Mark Anthony Santos was officially proclaimed as the newly elected Representative of the city as a result of his decisive election victory of outgoing Senator Cynthia Villar, according to a GMA Network news report. Santos’ margin of victory was more than thirty thousand votes as of this writing.
For the newcomers reading this, Santos – who has served Las Piñas for several terms as City Councilor – is an election teammate of Mayor Imelda Aguilar and Vice Mayor April Aguilar.
To put things in perspective, posted below is an excerpt from the news report of GMA Network. Some parts in boldface…
Independent candidate Mark Anthony Santos on Tuesday was proclaimed as the representative for Las Piñas City’s lone district, according to Rod Vega’s report on Super Radyo dzBB.
With 100% election returns in the city processed on Monday evening, Santos garnered 115,757 votes, defeating Senator Cynthia Villar who received 83,975 votes.
Meanwhile, former Vice Mayor April Aguilar was proclaimed as mayor of the city, replacing her mother and the former mayor Imelda Aguilar. Imelda, meanwhile, was proclaimed as vice mayor.
Let me end this piece by asking you readers: If you are a resident of Las Piñas City, what is your reaction to this development? Did a majority of your local community’s voters select Santos as the sole Congressional Representative of the city? What do you hope to see from Congressman-elect Mark Santos?
For more South Metro Manila community news and developments, come back here soon. Also say NO to fake news, NO to irresponsible journalism, NO to misinformation, NO to plagiarists, NO to reckless publishers and NO to sinister propaganda when it comes to news and developments. For South Metro Manila community developments, member engagement, commerce and other relevant updates, join the growing South Metro Manila Facebook group at https://www.facebook.com/groups/342183059992673
Welcome back my readers, YouTube viewers and all others who followed this series of articles focused on YouTube videos worth watching. Have you been searching for something fun or interesting to watch on YouTube? Do you feel bored right now and you crave for something to see on the world’s most popular online video destination?
I recommend you check out the following topics and the related videos I found.
#1 Popcorn in Bed reacts to Planet of the Apes sequel – Following its reaction video of the original Planet of the Apes which gathered over 136,000 views, YouTuber Popcorn in Bed posted its reaction to the sequel Beneath the Planet of the Apes, and it is entertaining watch. This could inspire you to watch the 1970 film eventually.
#2 The Democrats keep on getting more pathetic, desperate and unhinged – When Donald Trump first took office as US President in 2017, the hatred, dishonest and wickedness of the Democrats (and their supporters) got exposed. Now that Trump is back in the Oval Office, today’s Democrats have turned even worse as they have turned more evil and more reckless. Not only that, the Democrats themselves have failed the American people as seen through the four years of the pathetic Biden-Harris administration. Watch the videos below.
#3 VKunia reacts to Jaws – Recently, YouTuber VKunia posted her reaction video about Steven Spielberg’s classic film Jaws. While there are indeed a lot of Jaws reaction videos on YouTube, this new video manages to be entertaining to watch. As this is a classic film, it is advisable for you to watch Jaws if you still have not seen it. Otherwise, watch VKunia’s video below.
#4Gene Hackman remembered – As of this writing, the late Gene Hackman is already being missed by not just his fans but also by film buffs. For those who missed the news, Hackman and his wife were found dead which was shocking. In memory of Hackman, posted below are some video clips and reaction videos about his contributions to cinema.
#5 PatmanQC examines the Terminator 2 arcade game – Back in 1993, there was a time when I played the Terminator 2 arcade shooter a lot. No matter how chaotic the visuals and gameplay were, I still went on to have fun with it. Thanks to YouTuber PatmanQC, the details behind the making of the arcade smash hit are revealed in detail in his video. Watch it now.
#6 Plant-based meat in America fails – When it comes to food, the natural meat sourced from animals will always remain the best not just for meat lovers but also for people who enjoy food for their taste, satisfaction and organic state. That being said, it is not surprising at all that the plant-based meat brands like Beyond Meat are failing and the consumers made their choices very clear. People have seen how pretentious, dishonest and manipulative the media partners-in-crime of the plant-based companies have been for years and the quality of those products (example: burger patties made from plants and lab-produced materials) are not good and also not worth paying for. Watch and learn from the video below.
Welcome back my readers, YouTube viewers and all others who followed this series of articles focused on YouTube videos worth watching. Have you been searching for something fun or interesting to watch on YouTube? Do you feel bored right now and you crave for something to see on the world’s most popular online video destination?
I recommend you check out the following topics and the related videos I found.
#1 US President Trump’s address to Congress – Recently, US President Donald Trump addressed the joint houses of Congress and it came at a time when his 2nd non-consecutive term implemented so many reforms right from the start. Along the way, the Trump administration pushed back hard against illegal immigration, exposed the corruption of USAID, reinvigorated the USA-Israel alliance and more. Trump’s speech is a must-watch as it will give you a clear view on the direction of the current administration and the pathetic Democrats can only rebel and freak out. Clearly, America is back!
#2 Popcorn in Bed reacts to No Way Out – I never saw No Way Out in the cinemas when it was first released in 1987. I saw some parts of it on cable TV but decided not to watch it further since I missed the start of its showing. Recently, YouTuber Popcorn in Bed posted a reaction video about the film and I enjoyed watching how they (Cassie and Carly) reacted to several key moments of it. Oh yes, the late Gene Hackman is in No Way Out and the reaction video was posted not so long after his death.
#3 Varied developments and views about Trump’s address to US Congress – Going back to US President Trump’s address to Congress, there were lots of developments that happened along the way. One of the Democrats was so disrespectful, he got escorted out of the venue. Meanwhile, the Satanic Left mainstream news media networks ended up getting embarrassed as their own viewers reacted positively to Trump’s speech. Posted below are the must-see videos.
#4AVGN reviews the Gex game trilogy – Remember long ago when there were several Gex videos games released across multiple platforms during the 1990s? Gex is no longer remembered by most gamers today but the first game was successful enough, it led to the release of sequels. Recently, the Angry Video Game Nerd (AVG) posted a video about the Gex video games. Check it out.
#5 The rise and fall of the Halo game franchise – If there is any video game franchise that truly defined Xbox – not only as a brand but as a series of consoles and an ecosystem for gamers – it is definitely the Halo franchise. Bungie was the original developer of Halo and the first game was already in development even before Microsoft acquired the studio. Bungie went on to produce several Halo games (from the original Xbox to Xbox 360) before leaving Team Xbox and Microsoft. Of course, the aesthetics and quality of Halo games under Microsoft’s own control changed mostly for the worse. Watch and learn from the video below.
#6 The French Connection trivia by Minty Comedic Arts – Going back to the late Gene Hackman, the most memorable of his cinematic performances that I ever saw is his role as Popeye Doyle in The French Connection. The 1971 film won the Academy Awards that mattered the most and I was fortunate enough to have seen it on a rented laserdisc in the early 1990s. Recently, YouTuber Minty Comedic Arts posted his trivia video about The French Connection which is a must-see!
In light of the May 2025 local elections and the recent local controversy that happened, Las Piñas City Councilor Mark Santos asked the Commission on Elections (COMELEC) to consider the city an election hotspot, according to a Remate On-Line news report.
For the newcomers reading this, Councilor Santos is running for the lone congressional seat of Las Piñas. This puts him against outgoing Senator Cynthia Villar who happens to be running for the same post.
To put things in perspective, posted below is an excerpt from new report of the Remate On-Line. Some parts in boldface…
AFTER being ‘bullied’ by his opponent, veteran Las Piñas Councilor Mark Anthony Santos, a congressional candidate, has asked the Commission on Elections to include the city in the list of potential areas of concern in the May 2025 midterm elections.
He also requested the city police to investigate the death threats he received after he filed his certificate of candidacy last October 7, 2024 against graduating lawmaker Sen. Cynthia Villar.
”Comelec should now consider Las Piñas as among the election hotspots in Metro Manila due to the recent ’life-threatening’ developments,” he told Good Riddance.
Santos reiterated that the poll body must consider Las Piñas under election hotspot after Villar allegedly acted repeatedly in an unparliamentary manner and used offensive, derogatory and improper language against her political leaders, neighbors as well as homeowner’s association officers and security personnel.
“The Villars are being considered as the most powerful politicians not only in Las Piñas but in the entire country aside from being the richest family in the Philippines.”
Santos said he’d rather die fighting than withdraw from the congressional race.
A former chief of staff of late mayor Vergel Aguilar, he’s an advocate of socialized housing and in-city relocation, supporting the Marcos administration housing projects nationwide.
During a council privilege speech, he exposed the P213 million in accumulated taxes and penalties the Villar Group of Companies has only paid P151-million in real property taxes.
He believed that the death threats against his life were also connected to his exposes involving irregularities allegedly committed by a politician.
In recent viral video clips uploaded in Tiktok, Villar ‘attacked’ her congressional opponent, Santos, while sitting in an opposite pew minutes before the start of the mass at the city’s Our Lady of Fatima Church.
Let me end this piece by asking you readers: If you are a resident of Las Piñas City, what is your reaction to this development? In light of the controversy, would you consider voting for Mark Santos to represent Las Piñas in the House of Representatives?
For more South Metro Manila community news and developments, come back here soon. Also say NO to fake news, NO to irresponsible journalism, NO to misinformation, NO to plagiarists, NO to reckless publishers and NO to sinister propaganda when it comes to news and developments. For South Metro Manila community developments, member engagement, commerce and other relevant updates, join the growing South Metro Manila Facebook group at https://www.facebook.com/groups/342183059992673
Recently in the City of Las Piñas, the City Government engaged with children and local stakeholders in relation with child participation in governance and the local celebration of National Children’s Month, according to a Manila Bulletin news report.
To put things in perspective, posted below is an excerpt from new report the Manila Bulletin. Some parts in boldface…
The Las Piñas City government recently brought together children, stakeholders, and local leaders to promote the principles of child participation in governance.
Vice Mayor April Aguilar said the State of the Children’s Address (SOCA) and a Children’s Congress were conducted at the Excelsior Hotel.
Aguilar said the city government held the activities in celebration of National Children’s Month every November.
She said the children representatives actively participated in discussions and activities aimed at amplifying their voices.
The Vice Mayor also said stakeholders also signed a Declaration of Commitment against online and offline abuse and exploitation of children.
The event also served as a platform for young participants to share their views, ensuring their inclusion in local policies and programs concerning their welfare and rights.
Members of the Local Council for the Protection of Children emphasized the city’s commitment to child rights.
Aguilar, during her interaction with the youth participants, underscored the importance of empowering children as active agents of societal change.
Let me end this piece by asking you readers: If you are a resident of Las Piñas City, what is your reaction to this development? How many people in your local community are aware of the celebration of National Children’s Month.
For more South Metro Manila community news and developments, come back here soon. Also say NO to fake news, NO to irresponsible journalism, NO to misinformation, NO to plagiarists, NO to reckless publishers and NO to sinister propaganda when it comes to news and developments. For South Metro Manila community developments, member engagement, commerce and other relevant updates, join the growing South Metro Manila Facebook group at https://www.facebook.com/groups/342183059992673
Recently in the City of Las Piñas, more than one thousand two hundred senior citizens of Barangay Almanza Uno, Barangay Talon Tres and Barangay Pilar Village received their pension from the City Social Welfare and Development Office (CSWDO), the City Government announced via social media.
To put things in perspective, posted below is an excerpt from the City Government’s social media post. Some parts in boldface…
The City of Las Piñas, through the City Social Welfare and Development Office (CSWDO), held a social pension pay-out on Wednesday, November 20, at the Almanza Uno Covered Court. The event catered to 1,240 senior citizens from Barangays Talon Tres, Almanza Uno, and Pilar, providing vital financial aid to support their daily needs.
Beneficiaries from Almanza Uno totaled 433, while 424 came from Talon Tres and 383 from Pilar. Each recipient received ₱6,000, representing their social pension for the second half of the year, July to December. The funds were allocated by the Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD) as part of the national government’s efforts to assist indigent senior citizens.
City representatives ensured the smooth delivery of financial assistance, engaging with the beneficiaries to address any concerns and streamline the process. This initiative underscores the city’s commitment to recognizing the contributions of senior citizens and providing meaningful support to improve their quality of life.
Through its collaboration with the DSWD, the city government continues to implement programs focused on addressing the needs of vulnerable groups.
Let me end this piece by asking you readers: If you are a resident of Las Piñas City, what is your reaction to this development? Has the CSWDO released pension funds to senior citizens of your local community already?
For more South Metro Manila community news and developments, come back here soon. Also say NO to fake news, NO to irresponsible journalism, NO to misinformation, NO to plagiarists, NO to reckless publishers and NO to sinister propaganda when it comes to news and developments. For South Metro Manila community developments, member engagement, commerce and other relevant updates, join the growing South Metro Manila Facebook group at https://www.facebook.com/groups/342183059992673
Recently in the City of Las Piñas, City Councilors Mark Santos and Henry Medina pushed for the establishment of a 2nd legislative district pointing to the growing population, the voice of the constituents, development of the city and other factors, according to a Manila Times news report.
For the newcomers reading this, Las Piñas City currently has one seat in the House of Representatives and its population has exceeded 600,000 since 2020.
To put things in perspective, posted below is an excerpt from new report of the Manila Times. Some parts in boldface…
LAS PIÑAS City leaders are pressing for the creation of a second legislative district, citing the local government’s growing population and the need for broader representation in the House of Representatives.
City Councilors Mark Anthony Santos and Henry Medina filed a resolution urging Congress to establish an additional congressional district for Las Piñas, a city that has seen significant population growth since it became a city in 1997.
According to the 2020 census conducted by the Philippine Statistics Authority, Las Piñas had a population of 606,293, way above the constitutional requirement of 250,000 residents to qualify for another legislative district.
Section 5, Article VI of the Philippine Constitution provides that each legislative district “shall comprise, as far as practicable, contiguous, compact, and adjacent territory. Each city with a population of at least two hundred fifty thousand, or each province, shall have at least one representative.“
Currently, Las Piñas is represented by a single congressional seat despite its population and administrative structure. The city has two councilor districts that are used for electing six city councilors from its 20 barangay (villages), but this bifurcation has yet to translate into additional representation in Congress.
Las Piñas’ journey to cityhood began in 1997 under then-president Fidel V. Ramos, with residents overwhelmingly supporting the change in a plebiscite.
Since then, the city has undergone rapid urbanization and population growth, further strengthening the case for additional representation.
Despite these developments, proposals for a second congressional district have not gained traction until now.
“With the creation of another congressional district representation in the House of Representatives, the voice of Las Pinyeros will be heard in a broader arena,” Santos said as he highlighted the benefits of increased representation.
Medina echoed this sentiment, emphasizing that an additional district could lead to improved public services, increased budget allocations and accelerated development for the city.
He pointed out that the establishment of a second district would allow the city’s growing population to have more direct representation in national governance.
This, in turn, could translate into better legislative focus on local issues, from infrastructure and education to health care and economic development.
Let me end this piece by asking you readers: If you are a resident of Las Piñas City, what is your reaction to this development? Do you believe it is high-time for Las Piñas City to have a 2nd congressional seat? What do you think is the problem preventing Las Piñas City from having another seat in the House of Representatives?
For more South Metro Manila community news and developments, come back here soon. Also say NO to fake news, NO to irresponsible journalism, NO to misinformation, NO to plagiarists, NO to reckless publishers and NO to sinister propaganda when it comes to news and developments. For South Metro Manila community developments, member engagement, commerce and other relevant updates, join the growing South Metro Manila Facebook group at https://www.facebook.com/groups/342183059992673
Recently here in the Philippines, GMA Network made waves to boost their sports coverage by unveiling their artificial intelligence (AI) sportscasters named Maia and Marco which drew varied reactions from Filipinos online. Check out the official video unveiling of the AI sportscasters from GMA Integrated News’ YouTube channel below…
If you look at Maia and Marco’s unveiling, you probably would have been impressed with how photo-realistic they look and how almost human they sounded (including being able to speak Tagalog). They were made to look like Filipinos convincingly You might be saying to yourself that this is a shining example of Filipino achievement in the world of technology and be totally accepting of it. But make no mistake as Maia and Marco are indeed not real people (fake Filipinos) and most notably, they have no souls at all.
This bring me to the fact that AI has no soul and we humans must take action to prevent artificial intelligence from overwhelming us. Overseas, the development of AI is moving at a rapid face and the competing tech giants (which invested heavily on AI) involved are so focused on outmaneuvering and outdoing each other, they don’t seem to care about the possibilities that AI could turn into a rebellious force that could harm people around the world in multiple ways. Already, artificial intelligence and robotics are emerging as threats to humanity. To put things in perspective, watch the CBN News YouTube videos below…
With AI and robots left unchecked, a new form of religion that has nothing to do with God, Lord Jesus and the Holy Spirit is emerging already. There are those who pulled themselves away from the Lord to dedicate themselves to intelligent robots, human-like AI-driven characters and other aspects of technology. I would not be surprised if I find out that GMA’s Maia and Marco are being idolized by some people right now (note: idolatry is both foolish and unholy).
In the world of entertainment, AI is already being used as a tool for visuals (combined with computer-generated imaging or CGI) which includes the process of recreating the likenesses of actors (both the living and the dead) to make characters on-screen look as real as possible. In relation, the digital ways of resurrecting dead actors to portray their respective characters is morally disturbing to say the very least. It should also be stated that AI itself is being used to make articles, essays and even scripts – literary pieces that were not composed by the human user himself/herself. Has it occurred to you that the movie or streaming show you watched used a script that was partially made with AI because the screenwriter took shortcuts when working? Learn from the YouTube videos of Dave Cullen below…
Going back to GMA Network and its AI sportscasters, a lot of Filipinos have been questioning how artificial intelligence will affect not only journalism but also Philippine sports broadcasting (a lively sector) and job opportunities (which millions nationwide need badly). No matter how life-like and charismatic they look on-screen, Maia and Marco are still fake Filipinos created with AI and CGI. They are characters, not human beings. Did GMA Network even try to search for talented and charismatic prospects for their sports broadcasting needs among the many living and breathing Filipinos present in the country? The Philippines has a population of over 100 million people and that includes many young adults and adults who can be employed.
Way back in 1992, in a response to Marvel Comics’ expression that creative people (their employees) are secondary to their comic book characters, Image Comics co-founder Rob Liefeld emphasized the need for a living and breathing work force to keep the company and the business moving.
“Without your creative people, there would be no Batman, there would be no Spider-Man, there would be no Hulk. That’s short-sighted as far as I am concerned. You will need warm bodies, warm creative bodies to create properties to keep your company going,” said Liefeld.
While he specifically did not talk about AI at all, what Liefeld said long ago is still highly relevant which companies and organizations here in the Philippines can learn from before going all-in with artificial intelligence (which will deprive job seekers the opportunities). At least in my view, AI is unnecessary with sports broadcasting. There is nothing like watching a live sports event happen in which the human broadcaster makes powerful or exciting verbal expressions whenever a fun moment happens during the game. That being said, do you seriously think an AI sportscaster can pull off such human reactions in natural and believable fashion for the millions of viewers watching? In case you did not notice, Maia and Marco of GMA still have that robotic tone with the ways they talked – undeniable proof that AI has no soul. Humans who work have souls.
In fairness, GMA Network is aware of the public’s concerns about AI with regards to ethics, human labor, journalism and more. Watch the GMA YouTube news video (mostly in Tagalog) below…
Regardless of how AI develops and make impact on Filipinos, what is clear to me is that measures must be taken to ensure that humans will always have an advantage over artificial intelligence. I am talking about the need for kill switches covering all AI applications and projects to ensure that human users will have the edge in the event that AI turns rogue against humanity. That being said, I encourage you readers to contact your congressional representative and tell him or her to make laws that will make kill switches on AI a requirement all over the Philippines, and that includes requiring all AI providers/makers (including the foreign entities) to comply. Users of AI should be prioritized always! Do you want ChatGPT to control you or destroy you and your family? Do you want robots with AI to be a major part of your household and your lifestyle? I don’t think so.
Once again, AI has no soul. If you want to cook, do it yourself. If you want to write a letter or an article, do it yourself. If you want to compose a teaching module or a new prayer for a bible-focused session in your local church, push AI out of the way to follow the lead of the Holy Spirit and then proceed with the Lord’s command. By the way, artificial intelligence and technology could never understand the Holy Spirit and you definitely should never let them be part of your Christianity. No matter how many people around you worshipAI, robots, science and technology, you should never let them pull you away from the Lord.
Let me end this piece by asking you readers: What is your reaction to this latest development? Do you think GMA Network has set a bad example with their AI sportscasters Maia and Marco with regards to Philippine sports coverage and journalism in general? Why do you think the network wanted their AI sportscaster to look human? Do you think the technology of artificial intelligence will be abused by those who possess it here in the Philippines? Do you think Philippine Congress should come up with a new law requiring kill switches on all AI projects and applications within the country to ensure that users will still have an advantage in case AI goes rogue? Do you think a rogue AI can bring down the security and economy of the Philippines?
It looks like the Philippines will make a major step forward in the highly competitive field of tourism as the House of Representatives recently approved on 3rd and final reading the proposal on granting Value Added Tax (VAT) refund for outbound tourists, according to a GMA Network news report. The newly approved bill is a measure backed by President Ferdinand “Bongbong” Marcos, Jr.
Having been to Israel recently, I noticed that the VAT refunds for foreign tourists who are about to leave the country is the norm.
To put things in perspective, posted below is an excerpt from the Manila Bulletin news article. Some parts in boldface…
The House of Representatives on Monday approved on third and final reading a bill granting Value Added Tax (VAT) refund for outbound tourists, a bill backed by President Ferdinand Marcos, Jr.
House Bill 7292 earned 304 “yes” votes, four “no” votes, and zero abstention.
Under the proposed measure, tourists will be eligible for a VAT refund on goods purchased from accredited retailers in the Philippines as long as such goods are taken out of the country within 60 days from the date of purchase and the value of goods purchased per transaction amounts to at least P3,000.
The bill also authorizes the Secretary of Finance to adjust the P3,000 threshold, taking into account the following indicators: administration costs in processing refunds; consumer price index; and other market conditions, upon the recommendation of the Secretary of Tourism and the Commissioner of Internal Revenue.
“This measure [is being passed] to adopt best practices in VAT refund schemes among Asia Pacific tourism destinations and expand the country’s competitiveness among its peers and neighboring countries,” the committee report on the measure read.
The bill defines a “tourist” as a foreign passport holder who is a non-resident individual not engaged in trade or business in the Philippines.
House ways and means panel chairperson Representative Joey Salceda earlier said the measure will generate P10 billion to P40 billion worth of increased sales for local suppliers.
Salceda was one of the principal authors of the measure, alongside House ways and means panel vice chairperson Mikaela Suansing of Nueva Ecija who chaired the technical working group drafting amendments to the original proposed bill.
“Generally, for every P1 refunded, the tourist spends an additional 1.5 pesos. That will create an additional twenty to eighty thousand jobs, and will also improve our gross international reserves,” Salceda said.
Let me end this piece by asking you readers: What is your reaction to this recent development? Do you think the newly approved measure will pass in the Philippine Senate soon? Do you think the measure will make the Philippines more competitive in international tourism?
To put things in perspective, posted below is an excerpt from the PNA news article. Some parts in boldface…
There is no need to ask for special powers to ease inflation, President Ferdinand R. Marcos Jr. said Wednesday, noting that several interventions are already in place to manage the prices of basic commodities.
Marcos made the remark a day after the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP) reported that the country’s headline inflation could surpass the 9 percent level in February because of high prices of cooking gas and key food items.
“I do not think that it is necessary to ask for special powers,” he said in a chance interview on the sidelines of an event at the Rizal Park, when asked if he is considering asking Congress to grant him special powers to curb inflation.
“I already have the power to declare an emergency and to control the prices of commodities. So, I don’t think there’s any need for more than that. That is efficient,” he added.
On Tuesday, the BSP said the inflation rate in February may fall within the range of 8.5 to 9.3 percent, citing the upside risks from higher prices of cooking gas and food items such as pork, fish, egg, and sugar.
Despite the BSP’s latest forecast, Marcos remained bullish that consumer prices would go down, saying his administration is exhausting all efforts to boost the supply of agricultural products.
“The other elements of inflation hindi natin masyado ma-control, kaya meron tayong ginagawang ganito para makabawi naman doon sa pagtaas ng presyo (We could not control the other elements of inflation, that’s why we are making a way to address the rise in prices of basic commodities),” he said.
Several lawmakers, including House Speaker Martin Romualdez, have expressed openness to granting Marcos special powers to curtail inflation.
In January, inflation accelerated further to 8.7 percent from 8.1 percent posted in December 2022.
Let me end this piece by asking you readers: What is your reaction to this recent development? Are you confident that the national authorities have what it takes to ease inflation without granting the President special powers? Do you see the current inflation as a temporary problem or as a longer lasting problem?
Author Carlo Carrasco 