election campaigns – Author Carlo Carrasco

Candidate for Mayor launches bid with promise to make Las Piñas a progressive and modern city

March 30, 2025March 29, 2025carlocarrasco

Recently in the City of Las Piñas, former City Councilor Carlo Aguilar launched his election campaign for the office of Mayor with a promise to make the city both modern and progressive, according to a Manila Bulletin news report. For the newcomers reading this, Aguilar is s the nephew of former senator and business tycoon Manny Villar and is running under the banner of the Nacionalista Party (NP). He filed his candidacy for Mayor months ago.

To put things in perspective, posted below is an excerpt from the news report of the Manila Bulletin. Some parts in boldface…

Las Piñas mayoral aspirant Carlo Aguilar officially launched his campaign on Friday, March 28, vowing to transform Las Piñas into a progressive and modern city.

Aguilar detailed his vision for a “New Las Piñas,” a stark contrast to what he described as “Last Piñas,” lamenting that the city has been left behind in terms of infrastructure, economic development, and quality of public services compared to other Metro Manila cities during his campaign rally held at San Ezekiel Moreno Parish Church along C5 Extension in barangay Pulanglupa Uno.

The campaign kickoff was attended by all local candidates under the Nacionalista Party including party chairman Cynthia Villar who is running for the city’s lone seat in Congress.

In his speech, Aguilar underscored the urgent need for a leadership shift in Las Piñas, stating that the city’s decline in competitiveness, urban planning, and basic services has made life increasingly difficult for residents.

“We were once a leading city, but today, we are lagging. Roads remain congested, economic growth is stagnant, and our services have not improved. It’s time for a new Las Piñas. We need leadership that listens, leadership that acts, and leadership that puts the people first.” Aguilar said.

Let me end this piece by asking you readers: If you are a resident of Las Piñas City, what is your reaction to this development? Do you think new leadership at the City Government is needed to truly modernize the city and make it progressive? If the local elections were held today, would you be voting for Carlo Aguilar for Mayor? Do you consider Las Piñas a less competitive city compared with other Metro Manila cities?

You may answer in the comments below. If you prefer to answer privately, you may do so by sending me a direct message online.

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Thank you for reading. If you find this article engaging, please click the like button below, share this article to others and also please consider making a donation to support my publishing. If you are looking for a copywriter to create content for your special project or business, check out my services and my portfolio. Feel free to contact me with a private message. Also please feel free to visit my Facebook page Author Carlo Carrasco and follow me on Twitter at @HavenorFantasy as well as on Tumblr at https://carlocarrasco.tumblr.com/ and on Instagram at https://www.instagram.com/authorcarlocarrasco

For more South Metro Manila community news and developments, come back here soon. Also say NO to fake news, NO to irresponsible journalism, NO to misinformation, NO to plagiarists, NO to reckless publishers and NO to sinister propaganda when it comes to news and developments. For South Metro Manila community developments, member engagement, commerce and other relevant updates, join the growing South Metro Manila Facebook group at https://www.facebook.com/groups/342183059992673

GCash implements temporary measures to avoid vote-buying

March 20, 2025March 12, 2025carlocarrasco

With the 2025 National and Local elections all set to happen on May 12, the popular e-wallet service GCash recently implemented temporary measures to curb potential vote-buying, according to a GMA Network news report.

To put things in perspective, posted below is an excerpt from the GMA news report. Some parts in boldface…

GCash has imposed a temporary daily transaction limit on “Express Send” and “Send via QR” to avoid vote-buying in the 2025 midterm elections.

In an advisory, GCash said the daily transaction limit will be implemented until May 12, 2025, the day of the elections. Normal transactions will resume the following day, May 13, 2025.

“Ang mga hakbang na ito ay para sa patas at ligtas na halalan. Sa pagpigil sa financial influence sa boto ng mga tao, masisigurong tunay na boses ng mamamayan ang resulta ng eleksyon,” GCash said.

“Babantayan ng GCash ang mga transactions para matiyak na hindi ito ginagamit sa ilegal na election activities,” it added.

(These steps are implemented to ensure fair and safe elections. By preventing financial influence on people’s votes, we can ensure that the election results truly reflect the people’s voice. GCash will monitor the transactions to ensure that money will not be used in illegal election activities.)

Once the daily limit is reached, GCash said its users can transact on the following day. GCash also said business users are included in the temporary restrictions.

“Any unusual transaction flow between accounts, digital banking and digital wallets, including unusual large cash withdrawals involving the amount exceeding P500,000, encashment of checks, during election period, which have no underlying legal/trade obligation, purpose or economic justification or the amount involved is not commensurate with the business or financial profile of the client, shall be considered suspicious transactions of vote buying and vote selling,” the Commission on Elections (Comelec) Resolution 11104 read.

Let me end this post by asking you readers: What is your reaction to this recent development? Do you think GCash made the right moves in relation to the upcoming national and local elections?

You may answer in the comments below. If you prefer to answer privately, you may do so by sending me a direct message online.

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Economist says election-related spending won’t add much to nation’s economic growth this time

March 18, 2025March 18, 2025carlocarrasco

As far as one economist is concerned, spending related to this year’s national and local elections (scheduled for May 12, 2025) will not add much to the nation’s economic growth this year, according to a Manila Bulletin news report.

To put things in perspective, posted below is an excerpt from the Manila Bulletin news report. Some parts in boldface…

Elections and related spending no longer provide the same economic boost as they once did. As a result, an economist at Ateneo de Manila University expects the Philippine economy to grow below goal this year, despite the upcoming midterm elections in May.

Luis Dumlao, associate professor and senior research fellow at the university’s economic research arm, Ateneo Eagle Watch, forecasted that there won’t be any “extraordinary GDP [gross domestic product] spike” due to election-related activities during the first half of this year.

During Ateneo Eagle Watch’s 2025 economic briefing last Thursday, March 6, Dumlao projected that annual GDP growth could potentially accelerate from 5.6 percent in 2024 to 5.9 percent in 2025.

If Dumlao’s forecast proves accurate, it would mark the third consecutive year that economic growth falls short of the government’s target, following a peak of 7.6 percent in 2022—the year of the last presidential election, which President Ferdinand Marcos Jr. won.

The Marcos administration targets growth of six to eight percent for 2025.

In the past, elections—even midterm polls—bolstered the economy. GDP grew by 6.1 percent in 2019 and 6.8 percent in 2013 due to midterm election-related spending.

In 2016, when former President Rodrigo Duterte won the presidency, economic growth reached 7.1 percent. Back in 2010, when former President Benigno Aquino III was voted to the top position in the land, GDP expanded by 7.3 percent.

Despite his below-expectations GDP growth estimate for this year, Dumlao also projected that annual inflation would average 2.4 percent, falling within the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas’ (BSP) two- to four-percent target range for manageable price increases.

His headline inflation forecast for 2025 is lower than the 3.2 percent in 2024. As of end-February, inflation averaged 2.5 percent, mainly due to rice deflation or declining prices of the Filipino food staple.

With the election campaign season rolling in, Dumlao noted that the practice of politicians giving away dole-outs or “ayuda” may no longer be as feasible.

While such spending was effective as a band-aid solution during the Covid-19 pandemic, when there was a greater need for financial support to sectors badly hit by the health and socioeconomic crises it wrought, Dumlao emphasized that “there’s no excuse” for continuing such expenditures post-pandemic.

“Ayuda was excused during the pandemic… However, for some reason, the government’s expenditure [on dole-outs] grew” even after the pandemic.

“There’s still [ayuda] spending as if it’s still the pandemic,” he said.

As elections gradually lose their hefty contribution to economic output, Dumlao urged the government to focus on key industries that would foster long-term growth.

“The economic drivers right now are accommodation like hotels, retail, trade, and construction. Business process outsourcing (BPO), too. Those are the fastest-growing subsectors,” he said.

Dumlao also suggested a further push for privatization of certain infrastructures and utilities.

Let me end this post by asking you readers: What is your reaction to this recent development? Do you still think that election-related spending can still add a lot to the growth of the national economy this year? Do you think further privatization by the government will prove to be more crucial and helpful to enhancing economic growth? Did you notice how the local politicians and election candidate have been giving away assistance or ayuda to local communities recently?

You may answer in the comments below. If you prefer to answer privately, you may do so by sending me a direct message online.

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Warrantless arrest of vote-buyers and sellers included in new COMELEC resolution for 2025 elections

February 8, 2025February 4, 2025carlocarrasco

Anyone who gets caught selling or buying votes in connection with the National and Local elections this year will get into trouble as the Commission on Elections (COMELEC) recently issued a resolution monitoring such activities and warrantless arrests will be allowed, according to a GMA Network news report.

To put things in perspective, posted below is an excerpt from the news report of GMA. Some parts in boldface…

The Commission on Elections (COMELEC) has issued a resolution allowing law enforcement to arrest vote buyers and sellers without a warrant if they are caught in the act.

According to Sandra Aguinaldo’s report on “24 Oras,” Resolution No. 11104 will expand the authority of the poll body’s Committee on Kontra-Bigay” to monitor vote buying and selling in Eleksyon 2025.

The resolution allows a law enforcer to make a warrantless arrest if he or she witnessed an act or attempt to commit election offenses.

“Any law enforcement officer may, without a warrant, arrest a person when, in his or her presence, the person to be arrested has committed, is actually committing, or is attempting to commit the election offense of vote-buying and vote-selling or act constituting ASR (abuse of state resources),” the resolution read.

The arrested individual will be brought to the nearest police station.

Meanwhile, the materials used in vote buying or selling will be under the custody of the police.

“The money or any other goods of value, sample ballots and any other campaign materials used for vote-buying and vote-selling, and ASR, shall be immediately seized and taken into custody by the apprehending law enforcement officer,” the resolution added.

Let me end this post by asking you readers: What is your reaction to this recent development? Do you think the newest resolution by the COMELEC will be effective in preserving the integrity of the national and local elections scheduled for May 2025? Do you think the inclusion of warrantless arrests will deter the buyers and sellers of votes?

You may answer in the comments below. If you prefer to answer privately, you may do so by sending me a direct message online.

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Barangay Baclaran Captain Jun Zaide files COC to run for Parañaque City Mayor again

October 8, 2024October 7, 2024carlocarrasco

Barangay Baclaran Captain Jun Zaide is running for the office of Mayor of Parañaque City again as he recently filed his certificate of candidacy (COC) in the presence of Commission on Elections (COMELEC) officials at City Hall. The local elections will happen in May 2025.

To watch the filing of his COC, click https://www.facebook.com/share/v/Gx9UQ6AVLuZ7AHUt/

*Barangay Baclaran captain Jun Zaide. (photo source – Kap Jun Zaide – Baclaran Facebook page*)

For the newcomers reading this, Jun Zaide has been serving as the head of Barangay Baclaran for many years now. He first ran for Mayor of Parañaque as an independent candidate in May 2022 but lost.

Captain Zaide has an official Facebook page where viewers can find updates about his campaign. To visit the FB page of the candidate, click https://www.facebook.com/kapjunzaideOfficial

Let me end this post by asking you readers: What do you think about this recent development? If you are a resident of Parañaque, would you be voting for captain Jun Zaide for Mayor in the May 2022 local elections? What is your impression of captain Zaide right now? Knowing how badly Parañaque City turned out amoung the 33 highly urbanized cities (HUC) in the Cities and Municipalities Competitiveness Index (CMCI) results of 2023 (24^th place) and 2024 (27^th place), do you hope that Zaide as Mayor will be able to inspire positive changes and improvements?

You may answer in the comments below. If you prefer to answer privately, you may do so by sending me a direct message online.

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Former Parañaque City Councilor Benjo Bernabe files certificate of candidacy (COC) to run for Vice Mayor

October 5, 2024October 3, 2024carlocarrasco

Recently in the city of Parañaque, former City Councilor Benjo Bernabe officially filed his certificate of candidacy (COC) to run for the office of Vice Mayor of Parañaque in the May 2025 local elections.

For the newcomers reading this, Benjo Bernabe is the son of former Parañaque City Mayor Florencio “Jun” Bernabe. The young Bernabe served as City Councilor from 2010 to 2013, and he ran for Mayor in the 2013 local election but ended up short.

Benjo Bernabe filed his COC in the presence of Commission on Elections (COMELEC) – Parañaque officials at City Hall. With him were his father, Congressman Brian Yamsuan (note: a candidate for the District 2 Congressional Seat of Parañaque) and Barangay BF Homes captain Jeremy Marquez to name a few.

Former City Councilor Benjo Bernabe shows his certificate of candidacy (COC) confirming his run for the office of Vice Mayor of Parañaque in the May 2025 local elections. (photo source – Benjo Bernabe Official Facebook page)

Benjo Bernabe signing the form at City Hall. In the background were his father former Parañaque City Mayor Florencio “Jun” Bernabe, congressman Brian Yamsuan and Barangay BF Homes captain Jeremy Marquez (hidden, standing behind former Mayor Bernabe). (photo source – Benjo Bernabe Official Facebook page)

Benjo Bernabe has an official Facebook page where viewers can find updates about his campaign. To visit the FB page of the candidate, click https://www.facebook.com/BenjoBernabeOfficial

Let me end this post by asking you readers: What do you think about this recent development? If you are a resident of Parañaque, do you think Benjo Bernabe will make a good and effective Vice Mayor? Have you decided already to support Bernabe’s campaign for the office of Vice Mayor? Do you think that in the event Bernabe becomes the next Vice Mayor, do you think her can inspire change to improve the quality of the City Government’s services and also make the city more competitive with the other highly urbanized cities of the nation? How enthusiastic are you right now when it comes to voting in the next local elections in May 2025?

You may answer in the comments below. If you prefer to answer privately, you may do so by sending me a direct message online.

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COMELEC requires candidates and political parties to register their digital accounts for 2025 election campaigning

September 26, 2024September 19, 2024carlocarrasco

With the 2025 National and Local Elections gradually approaching, the Commission on Elections (COMELEC) told candidates and political parties to have their social media and online accounts registered and they must follow the rules that were recently announced, according to a Philippine News Agency (PNA) news article.

For the newcomers reading this, the heavy use of social media, digital activities and websites is election campaigns of the past several years by candidates and parties or political groups is the new normal here in the Philippines and there is simply no stopping it from further rising. Along the way, fake news, rumors and misleading pieces of information transpired. If these negative elements are left unchecked, it could make election integrity in the Philippines very questionable.

To put things in perspective, posted below is an excerpt from the PNA news article. Some parts in boldface…

Candidates and political parties that would use internet and social media in campaigning for the 2025 midterm polls have to register their accounts with the Commission on Elections (Comelec).

In a Sept. 17 resolution made available Wednesday, the poll body said official social media accounts and pages, websites, podcasts, blogs, vlogs, and other online and internet-based campaign platforms of candidates, and parties intending to participate in the polls and their respective campaign teams that are primarily designed or used to promote the election or defeat of a particular candidate or candidates should be registered with the Comelec-Education and Information Department (EID).

The registration period will commence within 30 calendar days after the filing of the Certificates of Candidacy (COCs) or from Nov. 8 to Dec. 13 this year. The filing period of COCs is from Oct. 1 to 8.

The registration form for social media accounts and other online and internet-based campaign platforms may be submitted only by the candidates and their authorized representatives, as well as authorized representatives of registered political parties/ coalitions, and party-list organizations.

The forms should be submitted to the EID, through the official online channels that will be provided by the Comelec.

Prohibited acts – The Comelec also listed acts that would be considered misuse and malicious use of digital technology in campaigning:

– use of “false amplifiers”, such as fake accounts, bots, and astroturf groups filled with fake users to propagate disinformation and misinformation in endorsing or campaigning against a candidate, a political party / coalition, or party-list organizations, or to propagate disinformation, and misinformation targeting the Philippine election system, the Comelec, and electoral processes during the election and campaign period;

– coordinated inauthentic behavior and utilization of hyperactive users for the aforementioned purposes;

– creation and dissemination of deepfakes, cheapfakes, and soft fakes for the aforementioned purposes;

– use of fake and unregistered social media accounts during the election and campaign period for the same purposes;

– creation and dissemination of fake news in furtherance of the aforementioned purposes.

It warned that such acts may constitute as an election offense under Section 261 (z) (11) of the Omnibus Election Code.

Task force – The poll body also created the Task Force sa Katotohanan, Katapatan at Katarungan sa Halalan (Task Force KKK sa Halalan) tasked to oversee the implementation of the guidelines, review of registration forms, validation, approval and endorsement to the Commission en banc.

It is also tasked to monitor registered and unregistered social media and online accounts or websites which are used to endorse or campaign against candidates, political parties/ coalitions, party-list organizations; to issue show cause order, and initial investigation of detected or reported prohibited acts under these guidelines; motu proprio filing of complaints against erring candidates, parties, individuals, and other entities.

The task force will be headed by the chiefs of the poll body’s EID and Law Department as chairperson and co-chairperson, respectively.

Election, campaign period – The Comelec added the election period for the 2025 midterm polls would be from Jan. 12 to June 11, 2025.

The campaign period for those seeking national positions (senator and party-list groups) will start on Feb. 11, 2025 and will run until May 10, 2025.

Let me end this piece by asking you readers: What is your reaction to this recent development? Do you think all those many rules announced by COMELEC will help reduce, if not prevent, misinformation, fake news and other distortions from impacting the election campaigns and the voters? Do you agree with the COMELEC requiring candidates and political parties to have their digital accounts registered before they could campaign?

You may answer in the comments below. If you prefer to answer privately, you may do so by sending me a direct message online.

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COMELEC eyes prohibition on the use of AI and deepfake technology during 2025 election campaign period

June 5, 2024May 29, 2024carlocarrasco

With the next local and national elections set for May 2025, local authorities will have to work harder to preserve election integrity and Philippine democracy itself as more people and even companies are using artificial intelligence (AI) and deepfake technology on their projects. The Commission on Elections (COMELEC) is eyeing a ban on AI and deepfake technology, according to a Philippine News Agency (PNA) news article.

To put things in perspective, posted below is an excerpt from the PNA news article. Some parts in boldface…

The Commission on Elections (Comelec) is looking into prohibiting the use of deepfake technology and artificial Intelligence (AI) during the campaign period for the May 2025 midterm polls.

In an interview Wednesday, Comelec chairman George Garcia said the measure is timely as these technologies might create confusion among voters.

“Maganda mapag-usapan na kung dapat ipagbawal ang paggamit ng AI or deepfakes sa kampanya. Dapat ‘yung makatotohanan na kampanya. Kukumbinsihin ko ang ating Commission en banc na ipagbawal namin sa campaign ang paggamit ng deepfakes at Al sapagkat madami po ang nalilito, misrepresentation, madaming hindi makatotohanan na nangyayari kapag ginagamit po ‘yan (It would be good if we can tackle the ban on the use of AI or deepfakes in election campaign. Campaign should be realistic. I would convince our Commission en bacn to ban the use of deepfakes and AI in election campaign because many are being confused and it can cause misrepresentation. We are veering away from reality if we use these),” he said.

Deepfakes are an advanced form of digital content manipulation through generative AI, where a person in an image or video is swapped with another person’s likeness.

Garcia said personal interactions between poll bets and the electorate is much better than communicating using new techonologies.

“Alam po natin ang (We are aware of) modern technology. Bakit ba hindi? Subalit dapat po, kapag kampanya, ikaw mismo ang nakikita ng sambayanan. Ikaw mismo ang nanliligaw sa kanila. (Why not? But during campaign period, you the candidate should be visible to the people. You should court them personally),” he said.

Garcia, however, said he is open to the ideas of other members of the en banc who would like to allow AI use during campaign.

”Kaya lang sa ating palagay, masyado itong threat sa ating demokrasya, sa tunay na dapat ginagawa kapag halalan at may kampanya (But in my view, this is a big threat to our democracy, to the reality of what should be done during elections and campaign),” he said.

Let me end this piece by asking you readers: What is your reaction to this recent development? Are you concerned that AI and deepfake technology will be abused by people who have cruel intentions to ruin Philippine democracy as we know it? Do you think antagonistic forces like China (which has been in conflict with the Philippines on the sea west of our country) will use AI and deepfake technology to mess with future elections in our country? Are you aware that AI has no soul? Would you vote for candidates who use deepfake technology during the election campaign period?

You may answer in the comments below. If you prefer to answer privately, you may do so by sending me a direct message online.

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Muntinlupa City Mayor looking forward to programs and plans of BSKE winners

November 3, 2023November 2, 2023carlocarrasco

In Muntinlupa City, Mayor Ruffy Biazon expressed that he is looking forward to the kind of plans and programs that the winners of the recent Barangay and Sangguniang Kabataan Elections (BSKE) would execute within their respective communities, according to a Manila Bulletin news report.

To put things in perspective, posted below is an excerpt from the Manila Bulletin news report. Some parts in boldface…

Muntinlupa Mayor Ruffy Biazon said he is looking forward to what kind of programs the winning candidates in the Oct. 30 elections will implement in their respective barangays.

Filipinos voted in the Barangay and Sangguniang Kabataan Elections (BSKE) to choose their new leaders.

“Congratulations sa mga nanalo sa Barangay and Sangguniang Kabataan Elections 2023! Looking forward ako sa mga programang isusulong niyo sa barangay niyo (Congratulations to all the winners in the Barangay and Sangguniang Kabataan Elections 2023! Looking forward to programs that you will promote in your barangay),” Biazon posted on Facebook.

He added, “Sana ay magkatulungan din tayo sa pagsulong mg 7K Agenda ng pamahalaang lungsod (I hope we can cooperate in promoting the 7K Agenda of the city government).”

“Sa mga hindi nagwagi, don’t look at this as the end of the road. See it as a fork on the road that allows you to change the scenery of your journey towards the goal of helping your city and the people,” he said.

Let me end this piece by asking you readers: What is your reaction to this recent development? If you are a resident of Muntinlupa City, were the barangay and SK elections in your local community held peacefully? Are you aware of who has been elected as the captain, SK chair and councilors in your barangay? Were all the winners in your barangay proclaimed already by the local COMELEC?

You may answer in the comments below. If you prefer to answer privately, you may do so by sending me a direct message online.

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For more South Metro Manila community news and developments, come back here soon. Also say NO to fake news, NO to irresponsible journalism, NO to misinformation, NO to plagiarists, NO to reckless publishers and NO to sinister propaganda when it comes to news and developments. For South Metro Manila community developments, member engagements, commerce and other relevant updates, join the growing South Metro Manila Facebook group at https://www.facebook.com/groups/342183059992673

PNP and COMELEC formally sign data sharing agreement related to BSKE

October 26, 2023October 24, 2023carlocarrasco

With the anticipated Barangay and Sangguniang Kabataan Elections (BSKE) all set for October 30, 2023 (a declared non-working day), the Philippine National Police (PNP) and the Commission on Elections (COMELEC) recently signed a formal agreement on data sharing related to the said elections, according to a news article published by the Philippine News Agency (PNA).

To put things in perspective, posted below is an excerpt from the PNA news report. Some parts in boldface…

The Philippine National Police (PNP) entered into a data sharing agreement (DSA) with the Commission on Elections (Comelec) to ensure the integrity and transparency of the Barangay and Sangguniang Kabataan Elections (BSKE) on Oct. 30.

PNP chief Gen. Benjamin Acorda Jr., director for operations Brig. Gen. Leo Francisco and Comelec officials led by Chairperson George Garcia, Commissioner Nelson Celis and Executive Director Teopisto Elnas Jr. graced the signing rites at Camp Crame, Quezon City on Monday, the PNP said in a news release Tuesday.

The pact grants Comelec access to the PNP’s Election Monitoring Systems and subsystems and outlines specific areas of collaboration aimed at bolstering the electoral process, pursuant to Republic Act 10173 or the Data Privacy Act.

Key components include access to the PNP Personnel Deployment, Surrendered Firearms, Voting Center Assistance, Election Status, Candidates, Party-lists, Voting Center, Treasurer’s Office, Unlawful Election Materials, Gun Ban Details, Violations thereof, and other critical data related to the elections.

The agreement also allows access to various subsystems within the PNP Election Monitoring System including geo-tagging for vote-buying, a separate subsystem for vote-buying, and another for Task Force Kontra Fake News, following the Comelec’s specifications.

“We will make a difference in ensuring that the upcoming Barangay and Sangguniang Kabataan Elections of 2023 serve as a shining example of democracy in action,” Acorda said.

He also urged the public to trust the electoral process, assuring them that all measures are being taken to guarantee a smooth, secure, and credible BSKE 2023.

“Suffrage is more than just voting; it represents the heart of democracy. It gives individuals the power to shape their nation and participate in its governance. The BSKE is an integral part of our electoral system, providing a platform for citizens to exercise this valued right,” Acorda said.

Let me end this piece by asking you readers: What do you think about this recent development? Do you think the data sharing agreement between the COMELEC and the PNP will help preserve the integrity of the BSKE?

You may answer in the comments below. If you prefer to answer privately, you may do so by sending me a direct message online.

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